nor even of Yahweh, but by the “angels of punishment” who will be the punishers. But we must emphasize that 1 Enoch was rejected as part of the authoritative record of God’s revelation and thus was never included in the Hebrew canon nor the Apocrypha. While in 1 Enoch there were further shifts in the meanings of both Sheol and hassantan, in the Sybilline Oracles (ca. 200–100 BCE) we find a joining of the Greek Tartarus and the Jewish gehenna. The original
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